Sugar Substitutes

Nowadays unfortunately diabetes is on the increase amongst us but luckily we are in the 21st century so some sweets, snacks and drinks are made by replacing sugar with a sugar substitute. Hence diabetic people can enjoy sweet treats and drinks as well. 

There are about 35 sugar substitutes which are divided into two categories, Natural Sugar Substitutes and Artificial Sugar Substitutes. I would always recommend you to use Natural Sugar Substitutes as they are, well, natural!! :) They usually are derived from plants, milk etc. They can be expensive but when using some of them you will have to use a very tiny amount when substituting sugar. At the minute my mum, which is a diabetic is using Tagatose which is derived from some milk, Tagatose is the closest substitute to sugar as it is x0.92 sweet which is near to a 1:1 ratio. There are about 23 Natural Sugar Substitutes. This a list of them, click on the names for further info from Wikipedia. 

Also I myself sometimes try to sweeten cakes and the like using mashed banans or chopped dates instead of sugar. I have not used it myself but as somebody suggested in the comments below, Agave nectar is a sugar alternative and it is actually low GI, But I believe at the end of the day if you are not diabetic you can still enjoy sugar moderately. It is always better than having lots of artificial chemicals in your system. My motto is always, NATURAL IS BEST!!! 

1.    Brazzein —  800× sweetness of sucrose (by weight)

2.    Curculin — 550× sweetness (by weight)

3.    Erythritol — 0.7× sweetness (by weight)

4.    Glycyrrhizin — 50× sweetness (by weight)

5.    Glycerol — 0.6× sweetness (by weight)

6.    Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates — 0.4–0.9× sweetness (by weight)

7.    Inulin – 10x sweetness (by weight)

8.    Isomalt — 0.45–0.65× sweetness (by weight)

9.    Lactitol — 0.4× sweetness (by weight)

10. Luo han guo - 300× sweetness (by weight)

11. Mabinlin — protein, 100× sweetness (by weight)

12. Maltitol — 0.9× sweetness (by weight)

13. Malto-oligosaccharide

14. Mannitol — 0.5× sweetness (by weight)

15. Miraculin — a protein that does not taste sweet by itself, but modifies taste receptors to make sour things taste sweet temporarily

16. Monatin — naturally-occurring sweetener isolated from the plant Sclerochiton ilicifolius

17. Monellin — 3,000× sweetness (by weight)

18. Pentadin — 500× sweetness (by weight)

19. Sorbitol — 0.6× sweetness (by weight)

20. Stevia — 250× sweetness (by weight) - extracts known as rebiana, Truvia, PureVia; mainly containing rebaudioside A, a steviol glycoside

21. Tagatose — 0.92× sweetness (by weight)

22. Thaumatin — protein, 2,000× sweetness (by weight)

23. Xylitol — 1.0× sweetness (by weight)

      As for the Artificial Sugar Substitutes, these are best known as they are commercially used, mainly in substituting sugar in low calorie drinks and sweets. These artificial sweeteners are very concentrated, for example if you need to substitute 1g of sugar [sucrose] with Aspartame you would need to use just 0.005g of Aspartame. There are about 12 Artificial Sugar Substitutes which are listed below;

1.    Acesulfame potassium — 200× sweetness (by weight)

2.    Alitame — 2,000× sweetness (by weight)

3.    Aspartame — 160–200× sweetness (by weight)

4.    Salt of aspartame-acesulfame — 350× sweetness (by weight)

5.    Cyclamate — 30× sweetness (by weight)

6.    Dulcin — 250× sweetness (by weight)

7.    Glucin — 300× sweetness (by weight)

8.    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone — 1,500× sweetness (by weight)

9.    Neotame — 8,000× sweetness (by weight)

10. P-4000 — 4,000× sweetness (by weight)

11. Saccharin — 300× sweetness (by weight)

12.  Sucralose — 600× sweetness (by weight)

NOTE: WHEN SUBSTITUTING SUGAR WITH SUGAR SUBSTITUTES IN RECIPES ALWAYS MAKE SURE OF THE DIFFERENCE IN SWEETNESS!! DO NOT HESITATE TO USE THIS TABLE, WIKIPEDIA OR ASK ME!! :))

Penne Parnassus

This pasta dish is another of our own creations. It got its name from the movie The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. We were watching this great movie whilst chomping on a wonderful plate of this dish. It is a very tasty sauce and quite filling as well. The honey gives this sauce its sweetness whilst the bacon balances the palate by providing the necessary saltiness. Also, as cooked chicken, I roasted 4 small drumsticks, took the meat off the bone and diced the chicken meat. It gave the dish  an added delicious roast chicken flavour, but you can easily used chicken breast. These ingredients are for 3-4 people, again depending on how big your portions are. Feel free to adapt adequately. Hope you will try it and enjoy it!

• 300g penne
• 1 small onion, finely chopped
• 200g diced cooked chicken breast
• 100g bacon, cut into small pieces
• 100ml single cream
• ½ teaspoon dried sage
• 200ml chicken or vegetable stock (I used a Knorr stock pot)
• 1 tablespoon honey
• 1 tablespoon olive oil
• Ground black pepper, to taste
• Grated Parmesan or Kefalotiri cheese, to serve

How to...

1. Start by roasting the chicken drumsticks. Preheat the oven to 200°C. Put them in an oven dish with a griddle in it and season with ground black pepper. Roast the chicken pieces for 30 minutes, leave to cool and dice the meat. If using chicken breast, grill the split the chicken breast until golden on both sides and then chop into small dice. Set aside.
2. Fry the onion in the oil until transparent and soft. Add the bacon and cook until brown and crispy.
3. Add the chicken to the bacon and stir well.
4. Add the pepper, sage and 2 tbsp of honey. Stir fry for a couple of minutes.
5. Add the stock and reduce the stock on a high heat.
6. In the meantime cook the pasta.
7. When the stock is reduced, add the cream. Stir well and heat slowly on low heat, make sure you do not boil the cream.
8. Mix the sauce with the cooked pasta and sprinkle with the grated parmesan or Kefalotiri cheese.

Enjoy!!
R&A

Pizza Margherita con Prosciutto Crudo (Parma Ham)

Another request...the proper Pizza Margherita from the Italian region of Campania where it was born. Famous pizzaiolo Peppino Brandi created this recipe in honour of Queen Margherita of Italy in June 1889, hence the 'il tricolore' [the 3 colours of the Italian flag. Green [Basil], White [Mozzarella] and Red [Tomatoes]. In the original recipe the Neapolitans use San Marzano tomatoes but unfortunately is very difficult to find here in the UK, so we used good quality canned chopped tomatoes. As for the mozzarella the original recipes uses Mozzarella di Bufala [Buffalo Mozzarella] but feel free to use good quality cow's milk mozzarella. When baking the pizza make sure that you only bake the dough with the tomatoes and cheese only. After cooked, then add the Prosciutto Crudo, basil leaves and extra-virgin olive oil. Here is the recipe for the dough, it is very easy and fast to do and is well worth it. The ingredients that follow are for 4 pizzas...Square, round or whatever shape you want to give it...obviously the original shape is round.

NOTE:  '00' flour is a very fine flour used in making pizza dough which is very fine and needs no sifting..available from Asda, Tesco and others. Click on the blue link for further info.

For the pizza dough:

• 1 pkt of dried active yeast [7g]
• 2 tbsp olive oil
• 1 tsp sugar
• 300ml lukewarm water
• 500g '00' flour, or normal plain flour
• 100g semolina, plus extra to dust

For the topping:

• 2 cans good quality chopped tomatoes
• 3 Buffalo mozzarella [about 375g], torn into small pieces
• Fresh basil leaves
• 150g Prosciutto Crudo [Parma Ham]
• Extra olive oil

How to...

1. To make the pizza dough, blend the yeast in a measuring jug with 300ml lukewarm water, sugar and the 2 tbsp olive oil. Leave it to stand for 10 minutes. 
2. To make the dough you can easily make it using a food processor, just throw everything in and process until the dough turns into a ball. Otherwise, mix the flour and semolina and pile the mixture into a volcano shaped heap on the working surface. Make a well in the centre and slowly pour in the liquid, start kneading with your hand and adding the yeast mixture until all the liquid has been incorporated. Knead to a smooth dough. Cover and leave in a warm place for an hour to rise.
3. Heat the oven to 220°C/Gas Mark 7. Knock the pizza dough back and divide into four or two, depending on the size of your pizza. If you are making it round, shape each piece into a ball and stretch it until you get a 12" round base. 
4. Now, spread the chopped tomatoes on the bases, sprinkle the mozzarella and put into the hot oven for about 10 minutes or until done to your liking. When cooked get it out of the oven put 2 slices of prosciutto on each, tear the basil leaves on it and drizzle with good extra-virgin olive oil. 

Enjoy this simple but truly irresistible pizza. :)

R & A

Conchigliette con legumi, pancetta e pomodoro - Small shell shaped pasta with pulses, bacon and tomatoes

End of the month, everyone is on a tight budget, so I just opened our kitchen cupboards and roved around the kitchen shelves and scanned all the available ingredients and made up something in my head. This is the result. It is a cross between a thick soup and a pasta dish. With cold weather around us it turned out to be a real heart warmer for us. The quantities here are for 4-5 persons as it  is very hearty, so you can make it for your holiday dinners maybe, if not adapt the quantities as you like. So here it goes,

• 200g concighliette [shell shaped pasta]
• 100g bacon steak, diced
• 100g mixed dried pulses [lentils, split peas, barley etc], soaked in water for about 12 hours or overnight
• 1 can chopped tomatoes
• 1 onion, finely chopped
• 1 garlic clove, finely chopped
• 1 red bell pepper, diced
• 1 small dried chilli, chopped or 1/2 tsp chilli flakes
• ½ teaspoon sugar
• ½ teaspoon black pepper
• ¼ teaspoon dried oregano
• ¼ teaspoon dried marjoram
• ¼ teaspoon dried thyme
• Vegetable oil
• 1 mozzarella ball [125g], diced
• Fresh basil leaves

How to...

1. Cook the soaked pulses in water first by boiling them for about 15 minutes and then simmering them for about 45-50 minutes or until soft. Set aside when done.
2. Fry the onion, garlic and pepper on a medium heat until soft, stirring constantly.
3. Add the bacon, herbs [not the basil leaves], black pepper, chilli and sit well.
4. Cook until bacon is cooked well.
5. Add the chopped tomatoes, sugar and simmer on medium heat for about 30 minutes. Stirring frequently. In the meantime cook the pasta.
6. Add the pulses and cook for 5 minutes. Mix well.
7. Add the pasta to the pulse/tomato mixture and incorporate well. 
8. Ladle into bowls. Sprinkle with the diced mozzarella and hand torn fresh basil leaves.

Enjoy!!!!!
R &A